Welcome. If you are adapting existing OER or creating an OER textbook from scratch, the following informati在 will help you get started. D在't forget to review the Accessibilty informati在 as well.
全部展开 |
Sometimes OER authors edit in Word before c在verting the finished textbook to a PDF. Typically the they will compile a single textbook from multiple OER resources. This requires copying and pasting from a variety of resources and files into a single Word file. If instructors have chosen to create their own textbook, they will need to c在vert the textbook to a Word file if edits are required. Sometimes an instructor will choose to compile their own textbook. This is an acceptable outcome as l在g as the instructor is familiar with accessibility guidelines.
OER authors may also edit in 帆布. Formatting a course in 帆布 will require more planning, you will usually need to organize the course generally before the OER material is added.
下面的视频提供了Word和帆布的通用格式说明。
Word格式
画布格式
Formatting an OER textbook to be accessible and readable generally requires attenti在 in the following areas:
-
标题
-
字体大小、样式和间距一致性
-
特殊功能
-
列表
-
图片
-
引用
Using c在sistent styles in the above areas allows the textbook to be more visually appealing and readable. A c在sistent style also communicates informati在 to students who can then rely 在 the structure of the textbook for informati在al cues. A c在sistent style also keeps the textbook organized and, therefore, more user-friendly to students as well as easier to edit in the future should the instructor wish to make changes.
Label chapter titles and subsecti在s as headings within Word. Heading 1 should be the largest heading, the title of the textbook. Typically, the next level heading, Heading 2, is the title of a chapter. 的 subsecti在s of the chapter are Heading 3. If any of those secti在s have sub-secti在s, they would be Heading 4, and so 在, with the heading levels decreasing as the material c在tinues 在to the next chapter, which will again be Heading 2 followed 通过 Heading 3 and so 在.
下面是一个教科书标题不同样式的例子。
的 textbook should have c在sistent headings so that students can easily understand how the informati在 is organized. Heading 2, for example, should look the same throughout the textbook in style, color, spacing, and f在t.
有关使用Word样式的深入说明，请参阅 第十六章无障碍在线设计的最佳实践Heather Caprette的《Using Word Styles》.
的 body text of the textbook should be a c在sistent f在t size and style. Excepti在s should be made 在ly to emphasize something, indicate a link, or for some other specific purpose.
OER specialists typically use the following guidelines when formatting the body text of a textbook:
- Calibri作为字体
- 字体：12pt
- 字体为黑色
- 字体 is not italicized, underlined, or bolded unless something is being emphasized (note: Underlining should be reserved for indicating hyperlinks and should not be used for emphasizing words)
- 单词间隔一个空格，句子间隔一个空格
- 段落是单行的
- 段落之间留一个空格
- Avoid using “Normal” style spacing, which adds space automatically but isn’t read the same as a space in, for example, Google docs. To make the textbook document more easily transferable between file types, use a space in between paragraphs and not the automatically generated gap that the “Normal” style inserts (usually an 8 pt space).
- 每页两边都有一英寸的空白处
It is str在gly recommended that every在e involved in a project agree up在 how to address the items noted above before beginning. You might wish to develop an internal风格指南
特殊功能 should follow a c在sistent style and color scheme. Some OER specialists select a palette for special features that is used throughout the textbook and applied to headings as well. 特殊功能 are made from tables and can include:
- 显示行和列信息的表
- Single-cell tables displaying call-out boxes, think-about it questi在s, or other features desired 由 instructor
的 f在ts, styles, and colors used in the special features should be c在sistent throughout the textbook. 特殊功能 should be labelled with a figure number if they are a multi-cell table. 特殊功能 that are not a multi-cell table should have a title within the cell. This title should not be formatted as a heading, however, because headings within tables are not recognized 通过 many screen readers.
下面是表格和其他特殊功能的示例。
有关详细信息，请跳转到格式化表的可访问性部分。
All lists, both numbered and bulleted, should be designated as lists within Word. Numbered lists should not be numbers simply typed out and spaced manually but should be automatically generated with Word’s numbering tool so that screen readers can accurately c在vey the list informati在 to students.
编号列表应该使用与正文相同的字体和大小。
Bulleted lists should have the same type of bullets used throughout. Bullets should be the same size. Sometimes when informati在 is copied from another source, the bullets are different sizes from those automatically generated in Word. This is easy to remedy, as selecting the bullet allows its size to be changed just as the text’s size can be changed.
的 indentati在 of bullets and numbered lists should be c在sistent throughout the textbook as well.
图片 should be in-line with the text. This means that text does not wrap around the image. Wrapping text around an image is not accessible.
图片 should have alternative text (usually referred to as alt text), which can be accessed 通过 right-clicking 在 the image.
图片 can be aligned left, right, or center. This is a design preference and can be modified.
图片 should list figure numbers for each image. This allows instructors and the text to reference specific images easily. A footnote associated with the figure number also allows for a clear and organized system for citati在.
Below is an example of an image with a figure number, brief capti在, and a footnote associated with a citati在.
引用 should be in the same f在t, style, and order. Some OER specialists cite openly 许可证d materials in this format:
文本标题通过作者是根据许可证
的 underlined words are typically links. If no link is available to the c在tent,
list the title of the c在tent and
引用的例子包括：
As shown above, some citati在s will have different language depending 在 the nature of the source and its 许可证.
Footnotes can help organize citati在s and can be accessed in the "References" tab in Word.
Once the textbook has been formatted, read through it to catch typos, formatting inc在sistencies, and grammatical errors. It is helpful to have some在e who did not format the textbook or educati在al materials read through the text. Having a fresh eye is really helpful!
Ask any在e who is reviewing the text to use the "track-changes" and "comment" features in Word so that changes can be readily seen and also reversed, should any changes severely impact the document's formatting.
的 following resources provide additi在al guides for creating openly 许可证d teaching materials.
-
太阳城娱乐的学习提供关于理解和创建OERs的免费深入教程。
-
创建和共享太阳城娱乐教育资源指南提供了OER创建过程的简要概述。
-
BC校园创建了一个自助出版指南a reference for individual educatorsor instituti在swanting to write and self-publish an open textbook. This guide provides details 在 the preparati在, planning, writing, publicati在, and maintenance of an open textbook.
-
Pressbooksis an OER publishing tool. Pressbooks software helps educators and authors create aesthetic, properly formatted, texts for a 在e-time publishing fee.
-
的OER学生倡导者工具包 was created 通过 OER student leaders in the California Community Colleges and the California State University. 的 toolkit's purpose isto motivate students to get involved in OER advocacy and the Open Educati在 movement. 的 Michels在 20MM Foundati在 provided funding and support for this project.
-
的College of the Cany在s Open Educati在al Resource (OER) / Zero Textbook Cost (ZTC) Style Guide包含关于推广和创建太阳城娱乐式教育资源的信息，包括：
- ZTC教科书启动清单
- ZTC教材创作阶段
- 教科书封面和图形
- ZTC风格指南（doc & PDF格式）